Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
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Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: National Grilled Cheese
Sandwich Day: -- Today we recognize one of the top comfort foods
in the United States. Why wouldn't it be when we're talking about
bread grilled to perfection, and warm, gooey, melted cheese?
According to food historians, many cultures around the world have
enjoyed cooked bread and cheese since ancient times. The United
States modern version of the grilled cheese sandwich originated in
the 1920s. As sliced bread and American cheese became easily
available, Americans began making open-faced grilled cheese
sandwiches. United States government cookbooks describe Navy cooks
broiling "American cheese filling sandwiches" during
World War II. Grilled cheese sandwiches are versatile thanks to
the ability to mix and match cheeses, bread, and seasonings.
Adding sauteed vegetables or herb-infused oils can elevate this
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Air Power
WWII TV Series With Walter Cronkite DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: National Only Child Day: -- Not
having siblings is your ticket to celebrate National Only Child
Day on April 12. This holiday's very special for those of us who
don't have a brother or sister and grew up as an individual child.
National Only Child Day is especially apt because, in recent
years, the number of only children has gradually risen, not just
in the U.S. but over the globe as well. We think the date chosen
for this event is perfect too because it comes right after
Siblings Day on April 10, during which the sibling-less would have
been left out. Before population control was a necessity, people
rarely had just one child. In fact, having more than one kid was
considered prudent given that the death rate in infants was very
high. So, if you look closely at historical records, only-child
families were very uncommon all over the world in the early days.
Then, sometime during the 10th century, populations over the world
began to exhibit a change. The average family size shrunk down to
only one child. While pinpointing a particular cause for this
decline in birth rates is near impossible, researchers and
academicians theorize that it might have been a combination of
various factors like the World Wars, the rise in living costs, and
the higher standard of living. As children started living longer
lives, and as the cost of raising a child went up drastically, the
size of many families reduced to accommodate this new normal. The
trend continued in more and more developed countries, until,
country-by-country, nation-by-nation, and one-child homes became a
common sight. There is another key factor at play in the rise of
'only children' - the negative perception attached to these
'onlies' is slowly being debunked. The negative association
started almost 100 years ago, with American psychologist Granville
Stanley Hall, who declared that being an only child was "being
an only child is a disease in itself." He'd labeled only
children as 'indulgent' and 'spoiled.' While his claims had zero
evidence to back them up, they still became a worldwide
phenomenon, to the extent that some people still believe the
stereotype today. A counter to these theories has been the world
conducted in the late 1800s and early 1900s on only children,
including various academic articles that counterchecked Hall's -
and others' - claims that single children did not measure up to
other kids. Whether because of finances, the environment, or
another reason, more families are staying in a one-child home, and
with it, establishing a new-ish, rich, family dynamic. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Legacy Of
War: Amerasian Children Of The Vietnam War MP4 Download DVD
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: International Day For Street
Children: -- This day was started to provide a voice for children
who live on the street. This was so that their rights cannot be
ignored. This day provides opportunities for human rights
organizations to spread awareness about the plight of street
children throughout the world. With the concentrated efforts of
governments, human rights bodies, and individuals, street children
can be rehabilitated and put in loving homes. Along with finding
safe homes, the aim is also to educate them, give them medical
facilities, and teach them skills for a better livelihood. In
1989, the United Nations held a Convention on the Rights of the
Child. According to what was discussed at the convention, rights
that all children in the world should have included the right to a
stable, loving, and nurturing environment; healthcare and
nutrition; clean water and electric power; equal opportunities;
and to live in dignity and freedom. Children living on the street
do not have these rights. Organizations such as the Consortium for
Street Children (C.S.C.) are trying to enact the Four Steps to
Equality to alleviate the dangers that street children find
themselves in. These steps include making a commitment to
equality, protecting every child, providing access to services,
and creating new solutions. According to recent statistics, up to
150 million children around the world live on the street. Some
children live on the street with their families, while others
spend the majority of their time on the street begging for food
and money, but return home at night. Some children live on the
street as orphans with no family or no home to return to. Needless
to say, these children are denied many basic human rights. There
are many reasons why children end up on the street. One of the
most common reasons involves living in a situation inflicted by
war and conflict. Children in this situation are either separated
from their family or their family members have died. Some children
leave home voluntarily because they are abused by family members.
Other reasons might include rejection by their family, having
health issues, or being forced into criminal activity. No matter
what the case is, street children are often denied an education,
health care, and opportunities to live a dignified life. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock &
Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: Walk On Your Wild Side Day: --
This is the day to let down your hair and do what you have always
wanted to do. In a society strictly regulated by norms and rules,
we tend to forget to have fun and do as we please. As long as we
are being careful and not hurting someone else, Walk on Your Wild
Side Day encourages us to reconnect with our inner child and do
all things 'wild'. We all have a wild, carefree side to us and
today is the day to show it off in all its glory! There are plenty
of examples in history where those who deviated from the norm went
on to do great things and created a lasting impression on the
world. Rulers, artists, innovators, and businessmen have often
taken the craziest ideas and turned them into ideas of brilliance.
In fact, their out-of-the-box ideas are what set them apart from
the crowds and made them legends in their fields. Walk On Your
Wild Side Day was created by Thomas and Ruth Roy, the couple who
also created Wellcat.com. The day was created in recognition that
'what will other people think' stops us from doing what we want to
and prevents us from living our best lives. Paying heed to such
thoughts shows a lack of courage. We only have one life to live
and there is absolutely no reason not to live each day of our
lives to its fullest. Our dreams are valid and we should give them
a shot. We can change our lives and the world with our crazy ideas
and leave behind a lasting legacy. We must encourage each other to
not shy away from sharing our seemingly wild thoughts and ideas.
On Walk On Your Wild Side Day, you can also change the life of
someone else! By living your life on your own terms, unafraid of
the opinions of others, you may inspire someone to also live their
life to the fullest. Someone who's feeling shy or discouraged may
need a gentle nudge from you to change their life for the best. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: KTLA: The
First 35 Years: Los Angeles TV Station Channel 5 DVD MP4 USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: Wear A Star Day: -- An annual
honoring of all those young children who have died and left an
unfillable void among their loved ones. The grief of death is
insurmountable no matter the age but it is especially unfair in
the case of young children. Wear a Star Day is a day to come
together and share our grief, support each other, and remember the
children who were loved by their friends and family. It is a
somber observation that celebrates life, no matter how short or
abruptly cut off it might have been. The first observations of
Wear a Star Day started in 2010 although not much is known about
how the day came into being. We don't know who started the holiday
either. But the mood of the day suggests that the holiday was
probably started by someone who was coping with their own grief
after having lost a little one. The day is observed by pinning a
star to your outfit and when someone asks what it stands for, you
point out that it's for a 'little star' who has passed away. You
can also get your friends and coworkers to participate in the day
and honor little children whose lives ended too soon. But how are
children likely to pass away? The answer unfortunately is, in very
many ways. In regions of conflict, children are often the most
vulnerable population. They lose their lives to weapons, hunger,
harsh temperatures, and unavailability of medical care. The poorer
the nation or more long-drawn the conflict, there are increasing
generations of children likely to lose their lives to violence. In
such cases, the mortality rate among the very young is also often
high. These misfortunes can only be averted with the concerted
efforts of governments and peacekeeping organizations. Another
silent killer of children can be illnesses that strike the young.
Among these can be cancers, heart diseases, nerve diseases, and
certain genetic illnesses. In these cases, children might lose
their lives despite timely medical care. Miscarriages and natal
infections are also some of the reasons why babies die young. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Hemingway
4 Part TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: D.E.A.R. Day (Drop Everything
And Read Day): -- An annual celebration that, as the name
suggests, is intended for everyone to dedicate a significant
period during the day to reading. The date is a reference to the
birthday of one of the most renowned American authors, Beverly
Cleary, as she was the first to create the concept of D.E.A.R.
This celebration is still observed in the U.S. to this day and is
a favorite of many school students. Although the current national
celebration of D.E.A.R. Day is relatively recent, it has older
origins. Several schools across the U.S. and abroad are observing
this annual remembrance and implementing several activities in the
curriculum to honor this special day. The concept was first
developed in one of Cleary's books. In her book, "Ramona
Quimby, Age 8," a nationwide initiative of the same name
begins, during which families dedicate 30 minutes to reading,
putting aside all distractions. An earlier version of the Drop
Everything and Read celebration was held as a reading activity for
schoolchildren in the U.S. as early as the 1960s. These activities
were not held on specific dates and were mainly school activities.
This, in part, inspired Cleary to turn this activity into a
national celebration in many of her novels. D.E.A.R. Day was
established in 2006 by publisher HarperCollins Children's Books,
in collaboration with the National Education Association and other
educational institutions, to commemorate American author Cleary's
90th birthday. The observance was first intended as a reading
celebration to promote silent, sustained reading as a school
activity. D.E.A.R. Day activities are no longer the same as they
were previously. Cleary's writings are responsible for much of the
significance and celebrations associated with this observance. The
various activities planned for this day are a fitting tribute to
Ramona Quimby's nationwide campaign. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Shakespeare Mystery Edward de Vere William Shakespeare DVD MP4 USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: The 17th Earl Of Oxford Day: --
April 12, 1550: #BOTD: #HBD! Edward de Vere, 17th Earl Of Oxford,
English peer and courtier of the Elizabethan era, Lord Great
Chamberlain, the most popular alternative candidate proposed for
the authorship of the works of William Shakespeare (d. June 24,
1604) is #born heir to the second-oldest extant earldom in England
at the de Vere ancestral home, Hedingham Castle, in Essex,
northeast of London. De Vere was the only son of John de Vere,
16th Earl of Oxford, and Margery Golding. After the death of his
father in 1562, he became a ward of Queen Elizabeth and was sent
to live in the household of her principal advisor, Sir William
Cecil. He married Cecil's daughter, Anne, with whom he had five
children. De Vere was estranged from her for five years after he
refused to acknowledge her first child as his. De Vere was a
champion jouster and travelled widely throughout Italy and France.
He was among the first to compose love poetry at the Elizabethan
court, and he was praised as a playwright, and though the
authorship of the collected works of William Shakespeare are
according to the Oxfordian Theory of Shakespeare authorship
properly credited to him, none of the plays attributed to de Vere
by name are known to survive. A stream of dedications praised de
Vere for his generous patronage of literary, religious, musical,
and medical works, and he patronised both adult and boy acting
companies, as well as musicians, tumblers, acrobats and performing
animals. He fell out of favour with the Queen in the early 1580s
and was exiled from court after impregnating one of her maids of
honour, Anne Vavasour, which instigated violent street brawls
between de Vere's retainers and her uncles. De Vere was reconciled
to the Queen in 1583, but all opportunities for advancement had
been lost. In 1586, the Queen granted de Vere a 1,000 pound
sterling annuity to relieve his financial distress caused by his
extravagance and selling off his income-producing lands for ready
money. After his wife's death, he married Elizabeth Trentham, one
of the Queen's maids of honour, with whom he had an heir, Henry de
Vere. He died in 1604, having spent the entirety of his inherited
estates. Edward de Vere died of unknown causes at King's Place,
Hackney in inner London England, on the 347th anniversary of the
probable birthdate of his ancestor and predecessor Robert de Vere,
6th Earl of Oxford. De Vere's death passed with a disgraceful lack
of public or private notice. He was originally buried on either
July 4 or July 6, in the Hackney churchyard of St Augustine's (now
the parish of St. John-at-Hackney). That grave was still unmarked
on November 25, 1612 when his widow Elizabeth Trentham signed her
own will eight years later. She asked "to be buried in the
Church of Hackney within the Countie of Middlesex, as neare vnto
the bodie of my said late deare and noble lorde and husband as may
bee," and she requested that "there bee in the said
Church erected for vs a tombe fittinge our degree." The 18th
Earl of Oxford ostensibly failed to fulfil this request, as the
location of his parents' graves there was suposed to be lost to
time. However, the absence of a grave marker led to questions
regarding his burial place, and an unpublished manuscript written
fifteen years after Edward's death by Edward's first cousin,
Percival Golding (1579-1635) documents that, fittingly for a great
British writer, he was in fact secretly reinterred at Westminster
Abbey sometime between 1612 and 1619. Documentary records,
including the Hackney registers and the will of de Vere's widow,
do confirm that he was originally buried in the church of St
Augustine on July 4, 1604. One register lists "Edward Veare
earl of Oxford" among burials; the other reads, "Edward
deVeare Erle of Oxenford was buryed the 6th daye of Iulye Anno
1604." However, a c. 1619 manuscript history of the Vere
family written by the aforementioned Edward's first cousin,
Percival Golding, states "He was a man in minde and body
absolutely accomplished with honourable endowments. He died at his
house at Hackney in the moneth of June Ao 1604 and lieth buryed at
Westminster." The same manuscript further avers that de Vere,
despite his lack of publicly acknowledged governmental
responsibilities in later life, in fact obtained an honorary
stewardship of the Privy Council in the last year of his life.
This assertion is documented by the appearance of de Vere's
signature on a letter dated April 8, 1603 from the Privy Council
to the Lord High Treasurer of England. Edward de Vere, 17th Earl
Of Oxford was heir to the second oldest earldom in the kingdom, a
court favourite for a time, a sought-after patron of the arts, and
noted by his contemporaries as a lyric poet and court playwright.
His reckless and volatile temperament precluded him from attaining
any publicly acknowledged courtly or governmental responsibility,
and was supposed to have contributed to the dissipation of his
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
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Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: Halifax Day: -- April 12, 1776:
The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason):
The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American
Enlightenment: The American Revolution: The Halifax Resolves: The
North Carolina Provincial Congress in Halifax, North Carolina
authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence
from Britain. The day marks the first formal sanction of American
independence. The Halifax Resolves drafted on that day advocated
for North Carolina to sever ties with the British empire and
support the American independence movement. North Carolina was the
first American state to put such intentions in writing. The North
Carolina flag commemorates the Halifax Resolves, bearing the date
of their adoption. Today, Halifax Day honors the embracing of the
ideal of American independence. The British first settled a colony
in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. On the other hand, British
attempts to regulate trade in the American colonies began around
1651 and irked colonists in the Thirteen Colonies. This started a
strong movement to separate the American colonies from British
rule. The separatists who rallied for public support eventually
mobilized support for a declaration of independence. Complete
independence, however, required the attending delegates of the
Second Continental Congress to draft a declaration of independence
- something none of their home states authorized them to do.
However, on April 12, 1776, all that changed. North Carolina
became the first state to pass a series of resolutions calling for
complete independence from the British Crown. This decision took
place in a town just off the Roanoke River called Halifax. These
resolutions were thus named the 'Halifax Resolves' and encouraged
the delegates of the Continental Congress to further push for a
declaration of independence. On July 4, 1776, the American
Declaration of Independence was finally passed. Every year on
April 12, Halifax Day is observed to commemorate the first time a
state gave its delegates to a Continental Congress the permission
to vote in favor of independence. Festivities take place in the
Halifax Historic District where visitors can enjoy guided tours
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Russian
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Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: International Day For Human
Space Flight/Cosmonautics Day (Russia)/Yuri's Night (The World
Space Party): -- April 12, 1961: Outer Space Firsts: Manned Space
Program Firsts: The History Of Rocketry: The History Of
Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The
Space Age: The Soviet Space Program: Human Spaceflight Programs:
The Vostok Programme: Vostok 1 (Russian: "East 1",
"Orient 1"): -- Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes
the first known human to travel into space when his Vostok 1 space
craft is launched at 06:07 UTC from the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Site
1 (Site 1/5) -- a site named Gagarin's Start in his honor, still
used for Russian space launches as recently as the Soyuz MS-15
flight to the International Space Station (ISS) on September 25,
2019 -- to an altitude of 187 miles (301 kilometers) above the
earth and completed a single orbit in a flight lasting 108
minutes. The spectacular Russian success intensified the already
ongoing Space Race between the Russians and Americans. The Soviet
Union claimed that the mission lasted 108 minutes, and that
Gagarin landed on the earth in his spacecraft, but both claims
were later admitted to be false. Though the Federation
Aeronautique Internationale (FAI), the world governing body for
aeronautical activities in Lausanne, Switzerland which maintains
and certifies aeronautical world records, officially recognized
three space records claimed by Gagarin: 1) duration in orbital
flight - 108 minutes, 2) greatest altitude in earth orbital flight
- 327 kilometres (203 mi), and 3) greatest mass lifted in earth
orbital flight - 4,725 kilograms (10,417 lb), the FAI discovered
four months later that Gagarin's flight did not meet the
requirements of the federation's rules for the flight to be
recognized as the first complete space flight. The FAI rules in
1961 required that, as with aircraft pilots, spacecraft pilots
must land with the spacecraft to be considered an official
spaceflight for the FAI record books. After Russian cosmonaut
Gherman Titov admitted ejecting from his own Vostok spacecraft
during his August 1961 flight, the FAI was forced to reexamine
whether Gagarin's flight should be recognized as the first
succesful manned space flight, and whether the duration of this
flight should be considered in fact 106 minutes, not the 108
minutes claimed, since the two-minute difference included
Gagarin's parachute jump. Although some contemporary Soviet
sources stated that Gagarin had parachuted separately to the
ground, the Soviet Union officially insisted that he had landed
with the Vostok; the government forced the cosmonaut to lie in
press conferences, and the FAI certified the flight. The Soviet
Union did not admit until 1971 that Gagarin had ejected and landed
separately from the Vostok descent module. Despite this, Gagarin's
spaceflight records were nonetheless certified and reaffirmed by
the FAI, which revised its rules simply and only to accommodate
this claim, and acknowledged that the crucial steps of the safe
launch, orbit, and return of the pilot had been accomplished.
Subsequently, Gagarin is internationally recognised, rightly or
wrongly as the first human in space and first to orbit the Earth
according to the rule book. Despite this, it was in fact the
second person in space, Alan Shepard, who twenty-three days later
became the first American in space as pilot of Freedom 7
(Mercury-Redstone 3) who was, according to the rules of
spaceflight, the first human to successfully travel into space and
land inside their spacecraft, as well as the the first space
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle
Of Fort Sumter Civil War Documentary Set MP4 Download DVD
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1861: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater
Of The American Civil War: The Battle Of Fort Sumter: -- The
American Civil War begins as Confederate troops under the command
of Gen. Pierre Beauregard start The Battle Of Fort Sumter by
opening fire at 4:30 a.m. on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor near
Charleston, South Carolina. The United States Army returned
gunfire and subsequent surrendered. Following declarations of
secession by seven Southern states, South Carolina demanded that
the U.S. Army abandon its facilities in Charleston Harbor. On
December 26, 1860, Major Robert Anderson of the U.S. Army
surreptitiously moved his small command from the vulnerable Fort
Moultrie on Sullivan's Island to Fort Sumter, a substantial
fortress built on an island controlling the entrance of Charleston
Harbor. An attempt by U.S. President James Buchanan to reinforce
and resupply Anderson using the unarmed merchant ship Star of the
West failed when it was fired upon by shore batteries on January
9, 1861. South Carolina authorities then seized all Federal
property in the Charleston area except for Fort Sumter. During the
early months of 1861, the situation around Fort Sumter
increasingly began to resemble a siege. In March, Brigadier
General P. G. T. Beauregard, the first general officer of the
newly formed Confederate States Army, was placed in command of
Confederate forces in Charleston. Beauregard energetically
directed the strengthening of batteries around Charleston harbor
aimed at Fort Sumter. Conditions in the fort, growing increasingly
dire due to shortages of men, food, and supplies, deteriorated as
the Union soldiers rushed to complete the installation of
additional guns. The resupply of Fort Sumter became the first
crisis of the administration of the newly inaugurated U.S.
President Abraham Lincoln following his victory in the election of
November 6, 1860. He notified the Governor of South Carolina,
Francis W. Pickens that he was sending supply ships, which
resulted in an ultimatum from the Confederate government for the
immediate evacuation of Fort Sumter, which Major Anderson refused.
Beginning at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, the Confederates bombarded the
fort from artillery batteries surrounding the harbor. Although the
Union garrison returned fire, they were significantly outgunned
and, after 34 hours, Major Anderson agreed to evacuate. There were
no deaths on either side as a direct result of this engagement,
although a gun explosion during the surrender ceremonies on April
14 caused two Union deaths. Following the battle, there was
widespread support from both North and South for further military
action. Lincoln's immediate call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress
the rebellion resulted in an additional four southern states also
declaring their secession and joining the Confederacy. On Sale @
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EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
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Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1864: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Battle Of Fort
Pillow: The Fort Pillow Massacre: -- One of the most infamous
events in American military history, the most controversial battle
of the Civil War, occurs when the Confederate forces of Major
General Nathan Bedford Forrest (first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux
Klan from 1867 to 1869) kill most of the surrendering African
American soldiers and their white officers at Fort Pillow in
Henning, Tennessee, located on the Mississippi River. It is not
known whether General Forrest either ordered the massacre (as the
Union press immediately claimed), or knew about it but did nothing
to halt it or even further encouraged the massacre, or as Forrest
later alleged, had nothing to do with the spontaneous action of
soldiers enraged at seeing former slaves fighting them with guns.
Because of its outrageous brutality, The Fort Pillow massacre
became a major political issue in the North, and increased support
for the war. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Ironclads:
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Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1865: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater
Of The American Civil War: The Fall Of Mobile: -- Mobile, Alabama,
falls to the Union Army. In August 1864, during the Battle of
Mobile Bay, Union Navy Admiral David Farragut's warships,
including four ironclade Monitor warships, had fought their way
past the two forts (Gaines and Morgan) guarding the mouth of
Mobile Bay and defeated a small force of Confederate gunboats and
one ironclad, the CSS Tennessee, in the Battle of Mobile Bay. It
is here that Farragut is alleged to have uttered his famous "Damn
the torpedoes, full speed ahead" quote. The Union action did
not force the surrender of the city of Mobile, but it did
effectively close off the city's access to Mobile Bay and
eliminate the residual traffic of the local blockade runners. On
April 12, 1865, three days after the surrender of Robert E. Lee at
Appomattox Courthouse, the city of Mobile surrendered to the Union
army to avoid destruction following the Union victories at the
Battle of Spanish Fort and the Battle of Fort Blakely. This, along
with the news of Johnston's surrender negotiations with Sherman,
led Confederate General Richard Taylor to seek a meeting with his
Union counterpart, Major General Edward R. S. Canby. The two
generals met several miles north of Mobile on May 2, and after
agreeing to a 48-hour truce, the generals enjoyed an al fresco
luncheon of food, drink, and lively music. Canby offered Taylor
the same terms agreed upon between Lee and Grant at Appomattox.
Taylor accepted the terms, and surrendered his command on May 4 at
Citronelle, Alabama. Ironically, on May 25, 1865, the city
suffered loss when some three hundred people died as a result of
an explosion at a federal ammunition depot on Beauregard Street.
The explosion left a 30-foot deep hole at the depot's location,
sunk ships docked on the Mobile River, and the resulting fires
destroyed the northern portion of the city. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
1 TV Series With Robert Ryan DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1917: The European Civil War:
World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World
War I): The Western Front Of World War I: The Battle Of Arras (The
Second Battle Of Arras): The Battle Of Vimy Ridge: -- Canadian
forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the
Germans. The Battle Of Vimy Ridge was a fought primarily as part
of the Battle of Arras, also known as the Second Battle Of Arras
(a British offensive on the Western Front), in the
Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. The main combatants were the
four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against
three divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle, which took
place from 9 to 12 April 1917, was part of the opening phase of
the Battle of Arras, the first attack of the Nivelle Offensive, a
Franco-British offensive on the Western Front in the First World
War, intended to attract German reserves from the French front.
The objective of the Canadian Corps was to take control of the
German-held high ground along an escarpment at the northernmost
end of the Arras Offensive. This would ensure that the southern
flank could advance without suffering German enfilade fire.
Supported by a creeping barrage, the Canadian Corps captured most
of the ridge during the first day of the attack. The village of
Thelus fell during the second day of the attack, as did the crest
of the ridge, once the Canadian Corps overcame a salient against
considerable German resistance. The final objective, a fortified
knoll located outside the village of Givenchy-en-Gohelle, fell to
the Canadian Corps on 12 April. The German forces then retreated
to the Oppy-Mericourt line. Historians attribute the success of
the Canadian Corps in capturing the ridge to a mixture of
technical and tactical innovation, meticulous planning, powerful
artillery support and extensive training, as well as the failure
of the German 6th Army properly to apply the new German defensive
doctrine. The battle was the first occasion when all four
divisions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force participated in a
battle together and it was made a symbol of Canadian national
achievement and sacrifice. A 100-hectare (250-acre) portion of the
former battleground serves as a memorial park and site of the
Canadian National Vimy Memorial. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: China In
Revolution 1911-1949 TV Series DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1927: China: The History Of
China: The Century Of Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National
Humiliation): The Chinese Civil War: The History Of The Republic
Of China (1912-1949): The Shanghai Massacre (The Shanghai Massacre
Of 12 April 1927, The April 12 Purge, The April 12 Incident): --
Chiang Kai-shek orders his military forces and conservative
factions in the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) [KMT]) to execute
Communist Party Of China (CPC) members in Shanghai, China, ending
The First United Front (The KMT-CCP Alliance), and leading to the
outbreak of The Chinese Civil War (First Phase: August 1, 1927 -
December 26 1936; Second Phase: August 10, 1945 - December 7,
1949). Following the incident, conservative KMT elements carried
out a full-scale purge of Communists in all areas under their
control, and even more violent suppressions occurred in cities
such as Guangzhou and Changsha. The purge led to an open split
between left and right wing factions in the KMT, with Chiang
Kai-shek establishing himself as the leader of the right wing
faction based in Nanjing, in opposition to the original left-wing
KMT government based in Wuhan led by Wang Jingwei. By July 15.
1927, the Wuhan regime had also expelled the Communists in its
ranks, effectively ending the KMT's four-year alliance with the
Comintern and the Chinese Communist Party. For the remainder of
1927, the Chinese Communists launched several uprisings in an
attempt to regain their previous power, marking the beginning of
the Chinese Civil War. With the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising
however, the Communist Party was largely diminished in their
influence, unable to launch another major urban offensive. The
First United Front, also known as the KMT-CPC Alliance, of the
Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC), was
formed in 1923 as an alliance to end warlordism in China. Together
they formed the National Revolutionary Army and set out in 1926 on
the Northern Expedition. The CPC joined the KMT as individuals,
making use of KMT's superiority in numbers to help spread
communism. The KMT, on the other hand, wanted to control the
communists from within. Both parties had their own aims and the
Front was unsustainable. In 1927 Nationalist Field Marshal
(Generalissimo) Chiang Kai-shek purged the Communists from the
Front while the Northern Expedition was still half-complete. This
initiated a civil war between the two parties that lasted until
the Second United Front was formed in 1936 to prepare for the
coming Second Sino-Japanese War. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Fabulous Sixties with Peter Jennings TV Docuseries MP4 Or DVD Set
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1932: #BOTD: #HBD! Tiny Tim,
American singer, ukulele player and musical archivist (d. November
30, 1996) is #born Herbert Butros Khaury in Manhattan, New York
City. Known also as Herbert Buckingham Khaury, and professionally
as Tiny Tim, is best remembered for his cover hits "Tiptoe
Through the Tulips" and "Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin'
in the Moonlight", which he sang in a high falsetto voice.
His mother Tillie (nee Staff), a garment worker, was the daughter
of a rabbi; father, Butros Khaury, a textile worker from Beirut,
was the son of a Maronite Catholic priest. Khaury displayed
musical talent at a very young age. At the age of five, his father
gave him a vintage wind-up Gramophone and a 78-RPM record of
"Beautiful Ohio" by Henry Burr. He would sit for hours
listening to the record. At the age of six, he began teaching
himself guitar. By his pre-teen years, he developed a passion for
records, specifically those from the 1900s through the 1930s. He
began spending most of his free time at the New York Public
Library, reading about the history of the phonograph industry and
its first recording artists. He researched sheet music, often
making photographic copies to take home to learn, a hobby he
continued for his entire life. He attended George Washington High
School in Washington Heights, Manhattan. At eleven years of age,
Khaury began learning to play the violin and enjoyed performing at
home for his parents. He later picked up the mandolin and the
ukulele (which became his signature instrument). During his
recovery from having his appendix removed in 1945, he read the
Bible and listened to music on the radio; after his recovery, he
rarely left his room except to go to school, where he was a
mediocre student. After repeating his sophomore year of high
school, he dropped out, taking a series of menial jobs. In a 1968
interview on The Tonight Show, he described the discovery of his
ability to sing in an upper register: "I was listening to the
radio and singing along; as I was singing I said 'Gee, it's
strange. I can go up high as well.'" In a 1969 interview he
said he was listening to Rudy Vallee sing in a falsetto, and "had
something of a revelation - I never knew that I had another top
register," describing it as a religious experience. By the
early 1950s, he had landed a job as a messenger at the New York
office of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, where he became ever more
fascinated with the entertainment industry. He then entered a
local talent show and sang "You Are My Sunshine" in his
newly discovered falsetto. He started performing at dance club
amateur nights under different names, such as Texarkana Tex, Judas
K. Foxglove, Vernon Castle, and Emmett Swink. To stand out from
the crowd of performers he wore wild clothing and, after seeing an
old poster of a long-haired Rudolph Valentino, grew his own hair
out to shoulder length and wore pasty white facial makeup. His
mother did not understand Herbert's change in appearance and was
intending to take her son, now in his twenties, to see a
psychiatrist at Bellevue Hospital, until his father stepped in. In
1959, he dropped all his other stage names and performed as "Larry
Love, the Singing Canary" at Hubert's Museum and Live Flea
Circus in New York City's Times Square. While performing there, he
signed with a manager who sent him on auditions throughout the
Greenwich Village section of New York, where he performed unpaid
amateur gigs, playing the ukulele and singing in his falsetto
voice the song which became his signature, "Tiptoe Through
the Tulips". Film critic Roger Ebert wrote: "I first saw
Tiny Tim very early in his career, in Greenwich Village in the
winter of 1962-63. There was a convention of college newspaper
editors, and a few of us - I remember Jeff Greenfield coming along
- went to the Black Pussycat and found ourselves being entertained
by a man the likes of whom we'd not seen before. He was already
locally popular." In 1963, he landed his first paying gig at
Page 3, a gay and lesbian club in Greenwich Village, playing 6
hours a night, 6 nights a week, for 96 USD per month. He performed
for the next two years as "Dary Dover", and after that,
"Sir Timothy Timms". After being booked to follow a
"midget" (sic) act, his manager, George King, billed the
6'1" (185 cm) Khaury using the ironic stage name "Tiny
Tim". The name stuck. Tiny Tim appeared in Jack Smith's
Normal Love (1963), as well as the independent feature film You
Are What You Eat (1968) in which he sang the Ronettes song "Be
My Baby" in his falsetto range; also featured was a rendition
of Sonny and Cher's "I Got You Babe", with Tim singing
the Cher parts in his falsetto voice, along with Eleanor
Barooshian singing Sonny Bono's baritone part. These tracks were
recorded with musicians who later joined The Band. The "I Got
You Babe" performance led to a booking on the Rowan and
Martin's Laugh-In, a popular American television comedy-variety
show. Co-host Dan Rowan announced that Laugh-In believed in
showcasing new talent, and introduced Tiny Tim. The singer entered
carrying a shopping bag, pulled his Martin soprano ukulele from
it, and sang a medley of "A Tisket A Tasket" and "On
The Good Ship Lollipop" as an apparently genuinely
dumbfounded co-host Dick Martin watched. For his third number on
Laugh-In, Tiny Tim entered blowing kisses, preceded by an
elaborate procession of the cast and, after a short interview, he
sang "Tiptoe Through the Tulips". In 1968, his first
album God Bless Tiny Tim was released. It contained an
orchestrated version of "Tiptoe Through the Tulips",
which became a hit after being released as a single. For All My
Little Friends (1969) was a collection of children's songs and was
nominated for a Grammy Award. Tiny Tim was married three times,
and had one daughter from his first marriage to the then
17-year-old Victoria Budinger - also known as "Miss Vicki"
- at the age of 37.Tiny Tim married Miss Vicki on The Tonight Show
Starring Johnny Carson on December 17, 1969, with 40 million
people watching. Shortly after their marriage, Miss Vicki
discovered she was pregnant, but the child was stillborn five
months later. Khaury buried the child with a headstone that read
"It". Budinger had a second pregnancy with Khaury a year
later, and in 1971, the couple gave birth to daughter Tulip
Victoria. Tiny Tim and Victoria Budinger divorced three years
later. Budinger subsequently had several marriages. Tiny Tim
married Jan Alweiss ("Miss Jan") in 1984, and Susan
Marie Gardner ("Miss Sue") in 1995. Gardner was a 39
year old Harvard graduate and a fan of Tim's since she was 12.
When Tiny Tim first became well known to the American public, many
people erroneously believed that he was British. Many pundits and
journalists debated whether the character being presented was just
an orchestrated act or the real thing. "It quickly became
clear that he was genuine," however, and that he could
probably be best described as "a lonely outcast intoxicated
by fame" and "a romantic" always in pursuit of his
ideal dream. After his career highlights in the late 1960s, Tiny
Tim's television appearances dwindled, and his popularity began to
wane. He continued to play concerts around the United States,
making several lucrative appearances in Las Vegas. When his
recording contract ended with Reprise, he founded his own record
label and humorously named it Vic Tim Records, as a pun on the
combination of his wife's name with that of his own. He performed
with the American alternative rock band Camper Van Beethoven in
1986. He played the lead role in the 1987 horror film Blood
Harvest, acting the role of Mervo. In the 1990s, he released
several albums, including Rock (1993), I Love Me (1993), and Girl
(1996). Tiny Tim played the ukulele left-handed (but the guitar
right-handed), though he retained the standard string placement.
The instruments he played included a vintage Martin, a Favilla,
and a Johnston metal resonator. Tiny was a huge fan of Arthur
Godfrey and taught himself to play using a method book that came
with the Godfrey-endorsed Maccaferri Islander plastic ukulele. On
September 28, 1996, Tiny suffered a heart attack just as he began
singing at a ukulele festival at the Montague Grange Hall in
Montague, Massachusetts (this hall is often confused in accounts
of the incident with the nearby Montague Bookmill, at which he had
recorded a video interview earlier that same day). He was
hospitalized at the nearby Franklin County Medical Center in
Greenfield for approximately three weeks before being discharged
with strong admonitions not to perform again because of his
health, weight, and dietary needs for his diabetic and heart
conditions. Nevertheless, he ignored the advice. On November 30,
1996, he was playing at a gala benefit hosted by the Women's Club
of Minneapolis. He had let his third wife ("Miss Sue")
know before the show that he was not feeling well, but did not
want to disappoint the fans. By the end of his performance, most
of the audience had left. While performing his last number of the
evening, he suffered another heart attack on stage in the middle
of a rendition of his hit, "Tiptoe Through the Tulips".
His wife asked him if he was feeling all right, and he said he was
not; she was helping him back to their table when he collapsed,
and never regained consciousness. EMTs performed on-site CPR and
transported him to Hennepin County Medical Center, where after
repeated revival attempts he was pronounced dead at 11:20 pm. His
remains are entombed in a mausoleum in Lakewood Cemetery in
Minneapolis. His cover of "Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in
the Moonlight" was featured in the "Help Wanted"
segment of the first episode of the cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants.
His rendition of "Tiptoe Through the Tulips" was a main
part of the 2011 horror film Insidious and also used as a bass
track in "The Amazing Adventures of DJ Yoda" in the mix
Tip Toe. In Ursula Dubosarsky's trilogy for children, The Strange
Adventures of Isador Brown, the hero Isador's Daddy has long red
hair and plays the ukulele, and is, according to the author, based
on and inspired by Tiny Tim. He also appeared in WWE in 1993, in a
skit with Jerry Lawler on "King's Court" while going
under his king gimmick at the time. Lawler smashed Tim's ukulele,
forcing Tim to cry. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Brother,
Can You Spare A Dime? (1975) DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1934: Labor Union Disputes
(Trade Union Disputes): Strikes (Strike Actions, Labor Strikes,
Labour Strikes): Automotive Industry Strikes: The Toledo Auto-Lite
Strike (The Battle Of Toledo): -- The federal labor union The
American Federation Of Labor (AFL) calls a strike against the
Electric Auto-Lite company of Toledo, Ohio, beginning The Toledo
Auto-Lite Strike (April 12 - June 3, 1934). The strike is notable
for culminating in a a five-day running battle beginning May 23,
1934 between nearly 10,000 strikers and 1,300 members of the Ohio
National Guard. Known as the "Battle of Toledo," the
clash left two strikers dead and more than 200 injured. The strike
is regarded by many labor historians as one of the three most
important strikes in U.S. history. #ToledoAutoLiteStrike
#AutoLiteStrike #AFL #AmericanFederationOfLabor #OhioNationalGuard
#ElectricAutoLite #LaborUnionHistory #LaborUnions #TradeUnions
#BattleOfToledo #Strikes #OrganizedLabor #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: British
Public Information & Propaganda Films DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1937: Aviation Firsts:
Aviation: The History Of Aviation: The History Of The Jet Engine:
-- Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to
power an aircraft, at Rugby, England. He is credited with
single-handedly inventing the turbojet engine. A patent was
submitted by Maxime Guillaume in 1921 for a similar invention;
however, this was technically unfeasible at the time. Whittle's
jet engines were developed some years earlier than those of
Germany's Hans von Ohain who was the designer of the first
operational turbojet engine. Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle OM
KBE CB FRS FRAeS (1 June 1907 - 9 August 1996) was a British Royal
Air Force (RAF) engineer air officer. From an early age, Whittle
demonstrated an aptitude for engineering and an interest in
flying. At first he was turned down by the RAF but, determined to
join the Royal Air Force, he overcame his physical limitations and
was accepted and sent to No. 2 School of Technical Training to
join No 1 Squadron of Cranwell Aircraft Apprentices. He was taught
the theory of aircraft engines and gained practical experience in
the engineering workshops. His academic and practical abilities as
an Aircraft Apprentice earned him a place on the officer training
course at Cranwell. He excelled in his studies and became an
accomplished pilot. While writing his thesis there he formulated
the fundamental concepts that led to the creation of the turbojet
engine, taking out a patent on his design in 1930. His performance
on an officers' engineering course earned him a place on a further
course at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated with a First.
Without Air Ministry support, he and two retired RAF servicemen
formed Power Jets Ltd to build his engine with assistance from the
firm of British Thomson-Houston. Despite limited funding, a
prototype was created, which first ran in 1937. Official interest
was forthcoming following this success, with contracts being
placed to develop further engines, but the continuing stress
seriously affected Whittle's health, eventually resulting in a
nervous breakdown in 1940. In 1944 when Power Jets was
nationalised he again suffered a nervous breakdown, and resigned
from the board in 1946. In 1948, Whittle retired from the RAF and
received a knighthood. He joined BOAC as a technical advisor
before working as an engineering specialist with Shell, followed
by a position with Bristol Aero Engines. After emigrating to the
U.S. in 1976 he accepted the position of NAVAIR Research Professor
at the United States Naval Academy from 1977-1979. In August 1996,
Whittle died of lung cancer at his home in Columbia, Maryland. In
2002, Whittle was ranked number 42 in the BBC poll of the 100
Greatest Britons. A jet engine is a reaction engine discharging a
fast-moving jet that generates thrust by jet propulsion. This
broad definition includes airbreathing jet engines (turbojets,
turbofans, ramjets, and pulse jets) and non-airbreathing jet
engines (such as rocket engines). In general, jet engines are
combustion engines. In common parlance, the term jet engine
loosely refers to an internal combustion airbreathing jet engine.
These typically feature a rotating air compressor powered by a
turbine, with the leftover power providing thrust via a propelling
nozzle - this process is known as the Brayton thermodynamic cycle.
Jet aircraft use such engines for long-distance travel. Early jet
aircraft used turbojet engines which were relatively inefficient
for subsonic flight. Modern subsonic jet aircraft usually use more
complex high-bypass turbofan engines. These engines offer high
speed and greater fuel efficiency than piston and propeller
aeroengines over long distances. The thrust of a typical jetliner
engine went from 5,000 lbf (22,000 N) (de Havilland Ghost turbojet
) in the 1950s to 115,000 lbf (510,000 N) (General Electric GE90
turbofan) in the 1990s, and their reliability went from 40
in-flight shutdowns per 100,000 engine flight hours to less than
one in the late 1990s. This, combined with greatly decreased fuel
consumption, permitted routine transatlantic flight by
twin-engined airliners by the turn of the century, where before a
similar journey would have required multiple fuel stops. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want My
Music TV! 1980s Music Television Videos MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Herbie
Hancock, African American pianist, composer, keyboardist and
bandleader, is born Herbert Jeffrey Hancock in Chicago, the son of
Winnie Belle (nee Griffin), a secretary, and Wayman Edward
Hancock, a government meat inspector. His parents named him after
the singer and actor Herb Jeffries. Hancock started his career
with trumpeter Donald Byrd's group. He shortly thereafter joined
the Miles Davis Quintet, where he helped to redefine the role of a
jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the
post-bop sound. In the 1970s, Hancock experimented with jazz
fusion, funk, and electro styles, using a wide array of
synthesizers and electronics. It was during this period that he
released perhaps his best-known and most influential album, Head
Hunters. Hancock's best-known compositions include "Cantaloupe
Island", "Watermelon Man", "Maiden Voyage",
and "Chameleon", all of which are jazz standards. During
the 1980s, he enjoyed a hit single with the electronic
instrumental "Rockit", a collaboration with
bassist/producer Bill Laswell. Hancock has won an Academy Award
and 14 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year for his 2007
Joni Mitchell tribute album River: The Joni Letters, becoming only
the second jazz album to win the award after Getz/Gilberto in
1965. Since 2012, Hancock has served as a professor at the
University of California, Los Angeles, where he teaches at the
UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music. He is also the chairman of the
Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz (formerly known as the Thelonious
Monk Institute of Jazz until 2019). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Momotaro:
Umi no Shinpei (Momotaro's Sacred Sailors) DVD, MP4, USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1945: Premieres: Film
Premieres: Japanese Film Premieres: -- Momotaro: Umi no Shinpei
(''Momotaro's Gods-Blessed Sea Warriors'' Or ''Momotaro's Sacred
Sailors''), the first Japanese feature-length animated film, a
Pacific War propaganda film celebrating the overthrow of colonial
power in Asia and The Pacific during The Pacific War mere months
before Japan's defeat during that war, is released in Japan.
Produced in 1942 both to explain why Japan's military had swept
though the South Pacific and to inspire the youth of the country
to arms, this film follows the life of Japanese youngsters through
their school days to their employment on the world's battlefields.
Nearly all the characters are animals, and when these Japanese
warrior animal youths deploy throughout the Pacific, indigenous
animals enthusiastically assist them while they learn of the
liberation to found in the service of the Greater Japanese
Co-Prosperity Sphere. Ethnic caricatures of Caucasians abound,
sometimes inspired by German depictions of Jews, while the
continental United States gets mentioned as next on Japan's list
of conquests. Of particular historical interest is the comical
rendering of British General Percival's surrender of Singapore to
General Yamashita, as well as an account of the 1619 fall of
Jakarta to the Dutch told in terms to justify the expulsion of the
Dutch from Indonesia by the Japanese. Perhaps its greatest value
as a historical document however is its psychological insight into
a particular difference between Japanese and Allied fighting men -
while the jungle may have been unfamiliar and filled with awe and
fear for Allied soldiers fighting in one, for Japanese soldiers it
was a friendly and hospitable environment that they were quite
comfortable in. This film in no small measure documents this sense
of self assurance, and it stands as an example of exactly how this
psychological comfort was propagandized into the psyche of the
nation. Momotaro (Japanese: "Peach Boy") is a popular
hero of Japanese folklore. His name is often translated as Peach
Boy, but is directly translated as Peach + Taro, a common Japanese
given name. Momotaro is also the title of various books, films and
other works that portray the tale of this hero. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: We
Remember: The Space Shuttle Pioneers 1981-1986 DVD, Download, USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12, 1981: Outer Space Firsts:
Maiden Flights: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: Space Programs Of The United
States: Human Spaceflight Programs: The Space Shuttle Program (The
Space Transportation System (STS)): Space Shuttle Mission STS-1:
-- The first space shuttle flight occurs with the launching of
Columbia from the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A)
at 12:00:04 UTC on the STS-1 mission with astronauts John Young
and Robert Crippen aboard. Columbia spent 54 hours in space,
making 36 orbits, then landed at Edwards Air Force Base in
California. Columbia orbited the Earth 36 times. It was the first
American manned space flight since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
in 1975. STS-1 was also the only maiden test flight of a new US
spacecraft to carry a crew, though it was preceded by atmospheric
testing of the orbiter and ground testing of the space shuttle
system. The launch occurred on the 20th anniversary of the
first-ever human spaceflight. This was a coincidence rather than a
celebration of the anniversary; a technical problem had prevented
STS-1 from launching two days earlier, as was planned. The Space
Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried
out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),
which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew
and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space
Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a
system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded
for development. The Space Shuttle, composed of an orbiter
launched with two reusable solid rocket boosters and a disposable
external fuel tank, carried up to eight astronauts and up to
50,000 lbs of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). When its mission
was complete, the orbiter would re-enter the Earth's atmosphere
and land like a glider at either the Kennedy Space Center or
Edwards Air Force Base. The Shuttle is the only winged manned
spacecraft to have achieved orbit and landing, and the only
reusable manned space vehicle that has ever made multiple flights
into orbit (the Russian shuttle Buran was very similar and was
designed to have the same capabilities but made only one unmanned
spaceflight before it was cancelled). Its missions involved
carrying large payloads to various orbits (including segments to
be added to the International Space Station (ISS)), providing crew
rotation for the space station, and performing service missions.
The orbiter also recovered satellites and other payloads (e.g.,
from the ISS) from orbit and returned them to Earth, though its
use in this capacity was rare. Each vehicle was designed with a
projected lifespan of 100 launches, or 10 years' operational life,
though original selling points on the shuttles were over 150
launches and over a 15-year operational span with a 'launch per
month' expected at the peak of the program, but extensive delays
in the development of the International Space Station never
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hollywood Without Make-Up: Film Star Home Movies DVD MP4 Download
USB
Today, April 12, 2026
April 12: National Dolores Day: --
"Dolores" is a feminine name mostly found in
Spanish-speaking countries. Notable examples include Dolores
Ibarruri, a Spanish republican politician, and Dolores Del Rio,
the first Latin film star to work in Hollywood. The name's
popularity rose sharply due to the strong influence the Roman
Catholic Church had on it, as this name also refers to the Virgin
Mary. In the past, the name Dolores was often preceded by the name
Maria, as in the case of the Spanish noblewoman, Juana Maria de
Los Dolores de Leon Smith. The word 'Dolores' is of Spanish
origin. It is the plural form of the Spanish word 'dolor,' which
means 'pain' or 'sorrow.' Even in Latin, the word dolor has the
same meaning. The use of Dolores as a feminine name started with
the Roman Catholic Church, whose influence in Spain began in 1
A.D. Mary, the mother of Jesus, was given many titles, including
the Latin 'Mater Dolorosa' or 'Mother of Sorrows,' that became an
essential subject for Marian art in the Church as well. In Spain,
Mary held the title, 'Nuestra Senora de los Dolores' (La Virgen
Maria de los Dolores), which translates to 'Our Lady of Sorrows'
in English. The emphasis has always been on the sorrow and pain
Mother Mary went through. In Christian iconography, particularly
in the Roman Catholic Church, the 'Seven Sorrows of Mother Mary'
is a popular art theme and a part of the faith. Dolores has a few
English variants, including Delora, Delores, and Deloris. The
French variants of this name are Dolores, Douleurs, and Lola.
Lolita is a diminutive or short form of the name. The name Dolores
became prevalent in the twentieth century in English-speaking
countries, particularly in the U.S., where it was one of the top
choices for feminine baby names in the 1920s and 30s. Actresses
such as Dolores Costello, Dolores del Rio, and Dolores Moran made
the name synonymous with Hollywood and gave it a starry appeal.
Perhaps the most famous Dolores of modern times is Dolores
O'Riordan, the lead singer of the Irish rock band "The
Cranberries." Another character who made this name famous is
Dolores Umbridge, the primary antagonist in J.K. Rowling's
masterpiece, "Harry Potter."
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Pyramids In The Jungle Alfred Maudslay In Central America DVD
Download
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: National Maya Day: -- Today is
dedicated to all the people called Maya and the name can trace its
roots back to several cultures and civilizations. While Maya is
not a common name, it has always been popular. We believe the word
first came from India. But it also likely evolved independently
from other cultures as well. Maya means dreams or illusions in
Sanskrit. It is a very old name and we are about to explore so
much about this amazing name and the people who own that name.
What could be the meaning of all the dreams we see? Is our world
an illusion? We do not know for sure. But we do know that the
Indians used the word 'Maya' in situations like this. Maya means
dreams and illusions. It came from Sanskrit; various other
cultures also claim the word, Maya. But, the oldest usage comes
from Sanskrit. Sanskrit is also one of the oldest surviving
languages in the world. Maya is also a Hindu deity's name. Some
people consider her to be an avatar of Goddess Lakshmi, while
others consider her the Goddess of illusions. Greek, Spanish,
Hebrew, Roman, and a few others also use the name. Whatever the
culture may be, they all use the name 'females' only. The Greeks
use the name to mean 'good mother.' Maya was also a prominent
figure in Greek mythology. Hebrew uses the word to mean water. The
name is also used to refer to the Mayan people, from the ancient
civilization that was located on the American continent. People
with the last name Maya were not that prominent before the 1980s.
The Social Security Administration data ranks the name as the
number 61 most popular girl's name in the U.S. The American poet
and author Maya Angelou popularized the name. This ancient name
managed to survive even in the modern age. The simplicity of the
name and its cultural significance helped the name become popular
even in our modern world.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Noel
Coward's This Happy Breed (1944) WWII Film DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: National Silvia Day/National
Sylvia Day: -- Today honors all those named Silvia and their great
contributions to the world. Silvia is a common name that has been
in use for some time now. But do you know that its origin can be
traced to Latin and is connected to the forest? Between 1932 and
1948, Silvia was among the top 100 names. Today, we are going to
list some of the most important Silvias from history. We will also
look into some facts about the name. Do you know anyone named
Silvia? Chances are that you probably know, especially if you know
people born between 1932 and 1948. That was a time when the name
Silvia was very popular. The popularity of the name has gradually
reduced over time, but it is still live. Sylvia has been
consistently on the popularity list since records started being
kept. She was a Top 100 name from 1932 to 1948, reaching a high of
Number 48 in 1932. Presently, there are more than 17,000 census
records available for the name Sylvia from the U.S. census
records. We also have 2,000 immigration and 4,000 military records
available for the name Silvia throughout history. The meaning of
the name is usually associated with the spirit of the wood and the
mythical forest king of Silvanus. Silvanus was a Roman deity of
forests and uncultivated land while Silvia was identified as the
goddess of the forest. There was also one Silvia behind the
mythical formation of the Roman empire. Rhea Silvia was the mother
of Romulus and Remus, who founded the Roman city. Silvia is
predominantly a female name, with a male equivalent Silvio. There
has been an increase in the number of Silvias throughout the
years. The Silvia family was present in the U.S., the U.K.,
Scotland, and Canada between 1840 and 1920. The Silvia family then
expanded throughout the U.S. The "Two Gentlemen of Verona",
written by Shakespeare, increased the popularity of the name.
https://store.earthstation1.com/noel-coward39s-this-happy-breed-dual-layer-dvd-1944-featur391944.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: A Night
At The Nuyorican Poet's Cafe 102690 DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: National Gavin Day: -- Although
the name Gavin is of Scottish origin, it is also a male name
across English, Irish, Welsh, Swiss, and French cultures. Common
variations of the word are Gavyn, Gavon, Gaven, and McGavin.
Recently, Gavin has surpassed Kevin in popularity for boy names.
It is interchangeable as a first and last name, appearing as a
first name 49% of the time and the last name 51%. An estimated
150,000 people in the U.S. share the name, Gavin. 'Gavin' is a
Scottish male name meaning 'God send' or 'white hawk.' It's the
shortened form of 'Gwalchgwyn' or 'Gawain.' Sir Gawain, a popular
character in twelfth-century Welsh, British and Scottish mythos
and one of King Arthur's legendary Knights of the Round Table, is
the earliest known notable figure to carry this name. According to
the poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Gawain was
Arthur's nephew and renowned as one of the greatest knights of
Camelot. He was also a close confidant of Lancelot, another member
of the famed Knights of the Round Table. Like many characters in
medieval tales, Gawain epitomized the ideals of chivalry, courage,
heroism, and honor. In Sassari, Italy, Saint Gavinus is a
celebrated figure. 'Gavinus' was a former Imperial Roman soldier
around 304 A.D., at the height of the Diocletianic Persecution
when the purge on Christianity in the Roman empire was at its most
severe. As one of the 'Martini Tunitarri', Latin for 'Martyrs of
Torres,' he refused to worship pagan gods and embraced
Christianity. Gavinus was executed in the city of Porto Torres on
the orders of Governor Barbarus. Another Saint Gavinus from the
nearby town of Sardinia was a missionary priest who was martyred
in 130 A.D. in the Christian persecutions under the reign of
Hadrian. American singer-songwriter Gavin DeGraw, known for his
breakout song "I Don't Want To Be" on his 2003 debut
album "Chariot," is one of the most famous Gavins.
DeGraw's song became the theme of "One Tree Hill," a
beloved early 2000s television show about basketball, family ties,
and high school romance. "Chariot" attained platinum
certification in the U.S. and Denmark, charting at number 56 on
the U.S. Billboard 200.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Macbeth
(1981) Lincoln Center Theater Company DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: National Mac Day: -- "Mac"
is a common name in Scotland, Ireland, and other countries with a
significant population of Irish and Scottish descendants. Most
names beginning with Mac are its Christian or anglicized versions,
like MacDicken, MacRitchie, and MacGuinness. The submergence of
Gaelic, a Celtic language, in eighteenth-century Ireland, pushed
this name into oblivion, but it still goes strong in Scotland and,
to a lesser extent, Wales. Mac and Mc are often interchangeable;
the latter is the short version of the former. The word 'Mac means
'son' in the Gaelic language. In the context of surnames, this
word translates as 'son of' and was used as a prefix to indicate
the family or ancestry. The name is prominent in Scotland and
Ireland. The adoption of hereditary surnames was introduced around
the eleventh century when the interactions between Gaelic and
Norse people influenced the naming system. The Vikings, who
settled in Ireland and Scotland, intermarried with the locals,
forming Norse-Gael communities that dominated the Irish and
Scottish seas. Some of the best-known Mac surnames carry traces of
their Norse origin. The Irish MacManus and MacLoughlin, and the
Scottish MacLachlan are some examples. The Normans, who settled in
the northern part of the Frankish kingdom (modern-day France),
also combined some of their names with the prefix, Mac. In 1623,
William Shakespeare published "Macbeth," a play about a
general who becomes the king of Scotland after receiving a
prophecy from three witches. By the 1800s, the use of this prefix
tapered off in Ireland but remained in use by the Scottish
settlers in the province of Ulster. In the seventeenth century,
during the Plantation of Ulster, people from Southern Scotland and
Northern England arrived to colonize Irish lands. The settlers had
a different culture, with the Scots colonizers having far stronger
ties to their Gaelic roots compared to the Irish there. Today,
names like MacGregor, MacLeod, and MacAllan still hold relevance
in parts of Scotland and Ireland, with many involved in national
societies, the production of liquor, and even parliamentary
proceedings.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Challenge Of The Yukon Old Time Radio Series MP3 Set DVD Download
USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: Hamster Day: -- Dedicated to
those cute little rodents who are among the favorite pets in the
United States! Yes, hamsters are adorable and easy to raise. All
you need is a love for animals, and the dedication to ensure all
the pet's needs are met. Do you want to get a hamster for your kid
but are not sure how to raise one? Well, this is exactly what this
day is about. Hamsters are a part of the history of this world and
they are recorded to have existed for nearly 11.2 million to 16.4
million years during the Middle Miocene Epoch in Europe and North
Africa. Their presence in Asia extends from six million to 11
million years. Unfortunately, over time, at least four of the
different hamster species have become extinct, one of which had
lived in North Africa during the Middle Miocene period. A breed of
Syrian hamsters was considered to be extinct until a mother
hamster with her babies was discovered in 1930. The discovery was
made by biologist Israel Aharoni, who had launched an expedition
near the ancient city of Aleppo to find Syrian hamsters. He had
heard the stories of a 'golden hamster' and had made it his aim to
research the creature. Though Aharoni was not fond of travel, he
believed the hamster species needed to be found. After searching
for days with a local hunter, Aharoni discovered a litter of
Syrian hamsters. As the pets were detained, the team noticed that
the wild mother hamster began to eat her litter. The reason? It is
a horrifying aspect of the innocent pet's nature. The baby
hamsters that survived the mother were bred into the colony, and
the rest is history! All domestic golden hamsters in the U.K. and
the U.S. now descend from that one captured in 1930 by Israel
Aharoni.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Natural
Disasters Earthquakes Floods Tornados Hurricanes DVD, MP4, USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12: National Big Wind Day: --
Commemorates the recording of the highest natural wind gust
measured on the Earth's surface. It was on the afternoon of April
12, 1934, that winds blowing at 231 miles per hour were recorded
by Mount Washington Observatory. Mount Washington is the highest
peak in the Northeastern United States at 6,288 ft. It is said to
be the most notable mountain east of the Mississippi River. While
it is difficult to say if the day will receive strong winds as it
did in 1934, one can still expect that it will be windy on Mount
Washington. Mount Washington is the highest peak in the
Northeastern United States at 6,288 ft. The mountain is the most
prominent in the east of the Mississippi River. It was from the
Mount Washington Observatory where observers Wendell Stephenson,
Alexander McKenzie, and Salvadore Pagliuca reported the
record-breaking wind gusts in 1934. In 1984, the observers
returned to the observatory to celebrate the event's 50th
anniversary! The record of 231 miles per hour held for several
decades. However, this record was broken in 1996. A typhoon struck
a small island off of Australia with wind gusts of 256 mph.
However, the reading from 1934 remains unchallenged in America.
National Big Wind Day or not, we all have to face the occasional
windy day. Even without a hurricane or a tornado, it can get
extremely windy. Windstorms display the power of nature - they can
be dangerous, damaging, and sometimes even deadly. It can disrupt
electricity and water supply, uproot trees, and even cause
infrastructure damage. On the other hand, the wind is also our
friend. It helps to keep us cool on a hot day. Wind also powers
the sails of mighty ships. Wind-powered turbines are dotting the
landscape globally. These turbines provide increasing amounts of
clean electricity and help to build a sustainable future.
https://store.earthstation1.com/natural-disasters-dvd-earthquakes-floods-tornados-hurricanes.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Franklin D. Roosevelt Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1945: #DOTD: #RIP: Franklin D.
Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, American
statesman and political leader, 32nd President of the United
States from 1933 until his death in 1945 (b. January 30, 1882)
#dies suddenly at 3:35 p.m. in Warm Springs, Georgia while sitting
for a portrait, aged 63. Roosevelt said: "I have a terrific
headache", then slumped forward in his chair, unconscious,
and was carried into his bedroom. The president's attending
cardiologist, Howard Bruenn, diagnosed the medical emergency as a
massive intracerebral hemorrhage. The following morning, Franklin
Delano Roosevelt's body was placed in a flag-draped coffin and
loaded onto the presidential train for the trip back to
Washington. Along the route, thousands flocked to the tracks to
pay their respects. After a White House funeral on April 14,
Roosevelt was transported by train from Washington, D.C., to his
place of birth at Hyde Park. On April 15 he was buried, per his
wish, in the rose garden of his Springwood estate. A Democrat,
Franklin D. Roosevelt won a record four presidential elections and
became a central figure in world events during the mid-20th
century. Roosevelt directed the United States federal government
during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal
domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S.
history. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal
Coalition, realigning American politics into the Fifth Party
System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle
third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were
dominated by World War II. He is often rated by scholars as one of
the three greatest U.S. Presidents, along with George Washington
and Abraham Lincoln. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, to
a family made well known by Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president
of the United States. FDR attended Groton School, Harvard College,
and Columbia Law School, going on to practice law in New York
City. In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor
Roosevelt. They had six children. He won election to the New York
State Senate in 1910, and then served as Assistant Secretary of
the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.
Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic
Party's 1920 national ticket, but Cox was defeated by Warren G.
Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness,
believed at the time to be polio, and his legs became permanently
paralyzed. While attempting to recover from his condition,
Roosevelt founded the treatment center in Warm Springs, Georgia,
for people with poliomyelitis. In spite of being unable to walk
unaided, Roosevelt returned to public office by winning election
as Governor of New York in 1928. He was in office from 1929 to
1933 and served as a reform Governor, promoting programs to combat
the economic crisis besetting the United States at the time. In
the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican
President Herbert Hoover in a landslide. Roosevelt took office
while the United States was in the midst of The Great Depression,
the worst economic crisis in the country's history. During the
first 100 days of the 73rd United States Congress, Roosevelt
spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a
profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal - a
variety of programs designed to produce relief, recovery, and
reform. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the
unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the
National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also
instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance,
communications, and labor, and presided over the end of
Prohibition. The economy having improved rapidly from 1933 to
1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection in 1936. Even so, the
economy then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938.
After the 1936 election, Roosevelt galvanized opposition by
seeking passage of the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937,
which would have expanded the size of the Supreme Court Of The
United States. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed
in 1937 prevented passage of the bill and blocked the
implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. Major
surviving programs and legislation implemented under Roosevelt
include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor
Relations Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and
Social Security. Roosevelt ran successfully for reelection in
1940. His victory made him the only U.S. President to serve for
more than two terms. With World War II looming after 1938,
Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China as
well as the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union while the U.S.
remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, an event he famously called "a
date which will live in infamy", Roosevelt obtained a
declaration of war on Japan the next day, and a few days later, on
Germany and Italy. Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins and with
very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and
Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies
against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of
the U.S. economy to support the war effort and implemented a
Europe first strategy, making the defeat of Germany a priority
over that of Japan. He also initiated the development of the
world's first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders
to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war
institutions. Roosevelt won reelection in 1944 but with his
physical health seriously and steadily declining during the war
years, he died in April 1945, just 11 weeks into his fourth term.
The Axis Powers surrendered to the Allies in the months following
Roosevelt's death, during the presidency of Roosevelt's successor,
Harry S. Truman.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Great Depression 7 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1981: #DOTD: #RIP: Joe Louis,
African American boxer and wrestler nicknamed the Brown Bomber,
widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers
of all time who competed as a professional boxer from 1934 to 1951
(b. May 13, 1914) #dies of cardiac arrest in Desert Springs
Hospital near Las Vegas on April 12, 1981, just hours after his
last public appearance viewing the Larry Holmes-Trevor Berbick
Heavyweight Championship. Ronald Reagan waived the eligibility
rules for burial at Arlington National Cemetery and Louis was
buried there with full military honors on April 21, 1981. His
funeral was paid for in part by former competitor and friend, Max
Schmeling, who also acted as a pallbearer. He was born Joseph
Louis Barrow to sharecropping and tenant farming family in a
ramshackle dwelling on Bell Chapel Road in rural Chambers County,
Alabama. Louis reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937
until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25
consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis
had the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.
Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is
widely regarded as the first person of African American descent to
achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States,
and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to
and during World War II because of his historic rematch with
German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938. When Adolf Hitler and the Nazi
Party took over control in Germany, Schmeling came to be viewed as
a Nazi puppet. In 1936, Schmeling knocked out American rising star
Joe Louis, placing him as the number one contender for Jim
Braddock's title, but Louis got the fight and knocked Braddock out
to win the championship in 1937. Schmeling finally got a chance to
regain his title in 1938, but Louis knocked him out in one round.
Schmeling thereafter became life-long friends with Louis, lasting
until Louis' death in 1981. Joe Louis was instrumental in
integrating the game of golf, breaking the sport's color barrier
in America by appearing under a sponsor's exemption in a PGA event
in 1952. https://store.earthstation1.com/grde7padosem.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Conspiracy The Trial Of The Chicago 8 + Yippie For Pigasus DVD MP4
USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1989: #DOTD: #RIP: Abbie
Hoffman, American political and social activist and author,
co-founder of the Youth International Party (Yippies), member of
the Chicago Eight/Chicago Seven, leader of the Flower Power
movement (b. November 30, 1936) #dies in his apartment in Solebury
Township, Pennsylvania of an intentional overdose of 150
phenobarbital tablets and liquor, aged 52. Two hundred pages of
handwritten notes were nearby, many detailing his moods. He had
been diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1980. He had recently
changed treatment medications and was reportedly depressed when
his 83-year-old mother was diagnosed with cancer (she died in 1996
at age 90). Some who were close to him claimed that he was also
unhappy about reaching middle age, combined with the fact that the
liberal upheaval of the 1960s had produced a conservative backlash
in the 1980s. In 1984, he had expressed dismay that the current
generation of young people were not as interested in protesting
and social activism as the youth had been during the 1960s. His
death was officially ruled a suicide. Hoffman's fellow Chicago
Seven defendant David Dellinger disputed this; he said, "I
don't believe for one moment the suicide thing" and said that
Hoffman had "numerous plans for the future." However,
the coroner stood by the ruling, saying, "There is no way to
take that amount of phenobarbital without intent. It was
intentional and self-inflicted." His memorial service was
held a week later in Worcester, Massachusetts, at Temple Emanuel,
the synagogue that he attended as a child, with 1,000 friends and
family members in attendance. Abbie Hoffman was born Abbot Howard
Hoffman in to the middle class Jewish family of Florence (nee
Schanberg) and John Hoffman in Worcester, Massachusetts. As a
member of the Chicago Seven, Abbie Hoffman arrested and tried for
conspiracy and inciting to riot as a result of his role in
protests that led to violent confrontations with police during the
1968 Democratic National Convention, along with Jerry Rubin, David
Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner, and
Bobby Seale. The group was known collectively as the "Chicago
Eight"; when Seale' prosecution was separated from the
others, they became known as the Chicago Seven. While the
defendants were initially convicted of intent to incite a riot,
the verdicts were overturned on appeal. Hoffman continued his
activism into the 1970s, and remains an icon of the anti-war
movement and the counterculture era.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want
My Music TV! 1980s Music Videos DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! John Kay,
German-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer,
frontman of the rock band Steppenwolf, is #born Joachim Fritz
Krauledat in Tilsit, East Prussia, Germany (now Sovetsk,
Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia). His father Fritz, a German soldier
during World War II, was killed in Russia a month before Kay was
born. In early 1945, his mother fled with him from the advancing
Soviet troops during the Evacuation of East Prussia in harsh
winter conditions. Their train got stuck near Arnstadt, which was
first occupied by Americans, but then became part of the East
German Soviet occupation zone. In 1949, they crossed the already
fortified border to resettle in Hanover, West Germany (as
recounted in his song "Renegade" on the album
Steppenwolf 7). Now living in the British occupation zone, the
young Joachim, who suffered from eye problems, listened to
broadcasts by the British Forces Broadcasting Service, like the
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany. He also saw a news reel about
the Hungarian Revolution Of 1956, shot and smuggled out by Laszlo
Kovacs of later Easy Rider fame. Kay and his family moved to
Toronto in 1958. Five years later, they moved to Buffalo, New
York. Kay joined a blues rock and folk music group known as The
Sparrows in 1965, which had moderate success in Canada before
moving to California, augmenting its line-up and changing its name
to Steppenwolf in 1967. With music that pioneered hard rock and
heavy metal, Kay's Steppenwolf had international success with
songs such as "Born to Be Wild", "Magic Carpet
Ride", "Monster", "The Pusher", and "Rock
Me". Kay recorded both as a solo artist and with Steppenwolf
during the late 1970s, and wrapped up Steppenwolf's 40th year of
touring with what was to be a final gig in October 2007. However,
Kay and Steppenwolf appeared on 24 July 2010 at the three-day
HullabaLOU music festival in Louisville, Kentucky. In 2004,
although never becoming a Canadian citizen, Kay was inducted into
Canada's Walk of Fame in recognition of the beginning of his
musical career in Toronto. Kay was present at the induction
ceremony in Toronto, and reiterated his strong affection for
Canada. He was also nominated as part of Steppenwolf for induction
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017. Kay is married to
Jutta Maue, whom he met in 1965 in Canada while she was working in
a coffeehouse where Kay's band, The Sparrows, was playing. They
have one daughter, Shawn. The couple founded the Maue-Kay
Foundation, which supports human rights and the protection of
wildlife and the environment.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fifteen
Years Of MacNeil/Lehrer Anniversary Documentary DVD MP4 USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 2024: #DOTD: #RIP: Robert
MacNeil, Canadian-American journalist, tv news anchor and author
(b. January 19, 1931) #dies of natural causes at
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan at the age of 93. His
burial details are not disclosed. Robert MacNeil was born Robert
Breckenridge Ware MacNeil in Montreal, the son of Margaret
Virginia (nee Oxner) and Robert A. S. MacNeil. Robert Breckenridge
Ware "Robin" MacNeil, OC is a retired television news
anchor who partnered with Jim Lehrer to create The MacNeil/Lehrer
Report in 1975. He was brought up in Halifax, Nova Scotia, went to
boarding school at Rothesay Collegiate School and Upper Canada
College, then attended Dalhousie University and later graduated
from Carleton University in Ottawa in 1955. MacNeil began working
in the news field at ITV in London, then for Reuters, and then for
NBC News as a correspondent in Washington, D.C. and New York City.
On November 22, 1963, MacNeil was covering President John F.
Kennedy's visit to Dallas for NBC News. After shots rang out in
Dealey Plaza, MacNeil, who was with the presidential motorcade,
followed crowds running onto the Grassy Knoll (he appears in a
photo taken just moments after the assassination). He then headed
towards the nearest building and encountered a man leaving the
Texas School Book Depository. He asked the man where the nearest
telephone was and the man pointed and went on his way. MacNeil
later learned the man he encountered at about 12:33 pm. CST might
have been Lee Harvey Oswald. This conclusion was made by historian
William Manchester in his book The Death of a President (1967),
who believed that Oswald, recounting the day's events to the
Dallas Police, mistook MacNeil as a Secret Service agent because
of his suit, blond crew cut, and press badge (which Oswald
apparently mistook for government identification). For his part,
MacNeil says "it was possible, but I had no way of confirming
that either of the young men I had spoken to was Oswald." On
the phone, MacNeil relayed the first report of the shooting to Jim
Holton of NBC Radio, who recorded MacNeil's account of what had
happened. MacNeil then headed to Parkland Hospital where he
arranged a phone connection with Frank McGee, who was anchoring
continuous coverage with Bill Ryan and Chet Huntley from NBC-TV in
New York. At approximately 1:40 pm CST, MacNeil relayed to McGee
that White House acting press secretary Malcolm Kilduff had made
the official announcement that President Kennedy had died at 1:00
CST. That evening, MacNeil went to Dallas police headquarters and
saw Oswald twice at close range, including when Oswald said "...
[T]hey've taken me in because of the fact that I lived in the
Soviet Union. I'm just a patsy", but he did not recognize
Oswald. In 1967, MacNeil began covering American and European
politics for the BBC. From 1971 to 1974, he hosted the news
discussion show Washington Week in Review on the Public
Broadcasting Service (PBS). MacNeil rose to fame during his
coverage of the 1973 Senate Watergate hearings with PBS, for which
he later received an Emmy Award. This coverage of the hearings
would help lead to and be the inspiration for his most famous news
role, when he joined with Jim Lehrer in 1975 to create the PBS
daily evening news program, The Robert MacNeil Report. This was
later renamed The MacNeil/Lehrer Report and then The
MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour. After serving 20 years in the PBS
flagship news program, MacNeil retired from his nightly
appearances on October 20, 1995; his co-anchor, Jim Lerher
anchored the program solo until 2011. The daily news program he
co-founded continues today as the PBS NewsHour. In director
Michael Almereyda's 2000 modern-day adaptation of Hamlet, MacNeil
portrayed the Player King, re-imagined as a TV news reporter. On
September 11, 2001, after the terrorist attacks in New York City
and Arlington County, Virginia, MacNeil called PBS and offered to
help. He joined PBS in its coverage of the attacks and their
aftermath, interviewing reporters and giving his thoughts on the
events of 9/11. In 2007, MacNeil hosted the PBS television
miniseries America at a Crossroads, which presented independently
produced documentaries concerning the "War on Terrorism".
The series initially ran from April 15-20, with further episodes
later that year. In a Sesame Street Special Report, The Muppet
Show parody of the Iran-Contra scandal, MacNeil investigated the
"Cookiegate" incident involving the Cookie Monster.
MacNeil served as the chairman of the board of directors of the
MacDowell Colony from 1993 to 2010. MacNeill was succeeded by
Michael Chabon.
https://store.earthstation1.com/fifteen-years-of-macneillehrer-anniversary-documentary-dvd-mp4-us4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
America: The Second Century Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1878: #DOTD: William M. Tweed,
known as Boss Tweed, American lawyer, politician and Tammany Hall
Boss (b. April 3, 1823) #dies of severe pneumonia in the Ludlow
Street Jail in New York City, aged 55. He is buried in Brooklyn's
Green-Wood Cemetery. Mayor Smith Ely would not allow the flag at
City Hall to be flown at half staff. Boss Tweed was born William
Magear Tweed in New York City. From 1851 to 1871, his 'Tweed Ring'
of political corruption looted millions from New York City,
bringing the city to the verge of bankruptcy. Methods included
padding city bills by 85 percent and writing checks to
non-existent persons and companies. His power was broken after a
series of critical editorial cartoons by Thomas Nast were
published in Harper's Weekly magazine. Tweed was arrested and
convicted on charges of larceny and forgery.
https://store.earthstation1.com/america-the-second-century-us-2nd-100-years-history-621006.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Nobel Century Nobel Prize History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1955: Disease: The History Of
Disease: Infectious Disease (Transmissible Disease, Communicable
Disease): Polio (Poliomyelitis): Vaccines: Polio Vaccines The IPV
Polio Vaccine (The Inactivated Polio Vaccine, The Salk Vaccine):
-- The inactivated polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is
declared safe and effective. The first successful demonstration of
a polio vaccine was by Hilary Koprowski in 1950, with a live
attenuated virus which people drank. This vaccine, however, was
not approved in the United States. An inactivated polio vaccine,
developed a few years later by Jonas Salk, came into use in 1955.
Another oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came
into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health
Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most
effective medicines needed in a health system. Polio vaccines are
vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are
used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a
weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health
Organization (WHO) recommends all children be fully vaccinated
against polio. The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of
the world, and reduced the number of cases reported each year from
an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 33 in 2018. The inactivated polio
vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site
of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of
vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses
given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are
paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to
give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are
otherwise well. The wholesale cost in the developing world is
about 0.25 USD per dose for the oral form as of 2014. In the
United States, it costs between 25-50 USD for the inactivated
form. Salk's not recieving the Nobel Prize for his vaccine is
considered one of history's biggest Nobel prize snubs. Although
Salk never received a Nobel Prize for his work, the Salk Institute
for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Calif. has trained five Nobel
Laureates. It is left to speculation as to why nominations
highlighting the contributions of scientists such as Jonas Salk,
Hilary Koprowski, and Albert Sabin in the development of
poliovirus vaccines have not been recognized by a Nobel Prize.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-nobel-century-nobel-prize-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-us4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Cane
Toads: An Unnatural History Documentary DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 2005: Pests: Agricultural
Pests: Cane Toads: --The Australian Government's Department Of
Climate Change, Energy, The Environment And War publishes "The
Biological Effects, Including Lethal Toxic Ingestion, Caused By
Cane Toads (Bufo Marinus) - Advice To The Minister For The
Environment And Heritage From The Threatened Species Scientific
Committee (TSSC) On Amendments To The List Of Key Threatening
Processes Under The Environment Protection And Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)". It recommended that "The
list referred to in section 183 of the EPBC Act be amended by
including in the list as a key threatening process: 'The
biological effects, including lethal toxic ingestion, caused by
Cane Toads (Bufo marinus)'", and asserts that "Given the
measures already in place, and being put in place, including means
to coordinate a national response to the issue, the development of
a national threat abatement plan is likely to be an inefficient
way to approach the issue at this stage. It is recommended that
the outcome of these initiatives be assessed before establishing
any further processes. The Committee will seek annual progress
reports from the Department and review the need for a national
Threat Abatement Plan as required."
https://store.earthstation1.com/cane-toads-an-unnatural-history-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Norman's Corner (1987) Gilbert Gottfried TV Special DVD, Download,
USB
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 2022: #DOTD: #RIP: Gilbert
Gottfried, American stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor and
singer(b. February 28, 1955) #dies.at 2:35 p.m. ET at a Manhattan
hospital aged 67 years of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (fast
heart rate in the ventricles of the heart) complicated by type II
myotonic dystrophy (a type of genetic muscular dystrophy that
causes muscle loss and weakness) which he had privately suffered
with for many years. His family released a statement on his
Twitter account, writing: "We are heartbroken to announce the
passing of our beloved Gilbert Gottfried after a long illness. In
addition to being the most iconic voice in comedy, Gilbert was a
wonderful husband, brother, friend and father to his two young
children. Although today is a sad day for all of us, please keep
laughing as loud as possible in Gilbert's honor." A funeral
was held for Gottfried on April 14 in Westchester County, New
York. Celebrities who attended the funeral were Jeff Ross (who
delivered Gottfried's eulogy), Colin Quinn, Susie Essman, Mario
Cantone, Dave Attell, and Paul Shaffer, as well as Bob Saget's
wife Kelly Rizzo and their three daughters. Whoopi Goldberg,
though not in attendance for the funeral, sent a gift in honor of
Gottfried. Sarah Silverman had planned on sitting shiva with a
slew of Gottfried's friends and family. He is buried in the Sharon
Gardens section of Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York, with
the epitaph on his gravestone reading, "Too Soon", a
reference not only to his death, but to his monologue at a Friars
Club roast of Hugh Hefner, 3 weeks after the September 11
attacks;Gottfried joked that he had intended to catch a plane, but
could not get a direct flight because "they said they have to
stop at the Empire State Building first". This was one of the
first public examples of 9/11 humor. Audience members responded
with hisses and a cry of "too soon!". Gottfried later
stated he thought "too soon" meant he did not take a
long enough pause before the punchline. Realizing he had lost the
audience "bigger than anybody has ever lost an audience",
Gottfried won back the audience.when heabandoned his prepared
remarks and launched into his own, particularly taboo-breaking
version of the famous Aristocrats joke, an off-color joke told by
stand-up comedians since the vaudeville era involving a family
trying to get an agent to book their remarkably vulgar and
offensive stage act. Penn Jillette and Paul Provenza used
Gottfried's monologue as a segment in their 2005 film The
Aristocrats. Gilbert Gottfried was born Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried
in the Coney Island section of the Brooklyn borough of New York
City, the son of homemaker Lillian Zimmerman and hardware store
owner Max Gottfried. His father and grandfather ran the store,
above which the family lived. He was raised in a Jewish family but
later said of his unusual upbringing, "I ate pork. We weren't
that aware of the holidays or anything like that, but were aware
of being Jewish. It's like I kind of knew that even though I was
never bar mitzvahed and we didn't follow the holidays, I knew that
if the Nazis came back, I'd be in the same train coach with
everyone else." Gottfried's persona as a comedian features an
exaggerated shrill voice and emphasis on crude humor. His numerous
roles in film and television include voicing the parrot Iago in
Disney's Aladdin, Digit in the children's cartoon/educational
math-based show Cyberchase, and Kraang Subprime in Teenage Mutant
Ninja Turtles. Gottfried was also the voice of the Aflac Duck
until 2011. Beginning in 2014 until his death, Gottfried hosted a
podcast titled Gilbert Gottfried's Amazing Colossal Podcast, which
aired new episodes each week featuring discussions of classic
movies and celebrity interviews, most often with veteran actors,
comedians and comedy writers. A documentary on Gottfried's life
and career was released in 2017, titled Gilbert.
https://store.earthstation1.com/norman39s-corner-1987-dvd-gilbert-gottlfried-comedy-s391987.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jack
Paar Late-Night TV Talk Shows DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1931: #BOTD: #HBD! Betty
Clooney, American stage, radio and television actress, singer,
dancer and host, television pioneer and presenter, and beauty who
rose to fame in the 1950s with sister Rosemary Clooney (d. August
5, 1976) is #born Elizabeth Ann Clooney in Maysville, Kentucky,
the second of three children: her older sister was singer and
actress Rosemary Clooney, and her younger brother was television
journalist, anchorman and host Nicholas Joseph Clooney, father of
actor George Clooney. The family lived in Oakland, California, as
well as in the John Brett Richeson House in Maysville, Kentucky in
the late 1940s. Clooney's paternal grandfather sang in his mayoral
election campaigns, which he won three times. The two sisters were
close personally, and were a close sister act when they sang
together. The family lived in Cincinnati in the early 1940s, where
the girls continued to vocalize. In 1945, the sisters won a spot
on Cincinnati's WLW Radio Station as singers. One day they were
heard by bandleader Tony Pastor. The bandleader originally
hesitated on hiring both sisters, but soon relented and so The
Clooney Sisters hit the road with the Pastor band. They appeared
in a movie short with the Pastor Orchestra in 1947. The Clooney
Sisters recorded a number of songs for Columbia with the Tony
Pastor Band like "The Secretary Song", "I'm My Own
Grandpa", and "If I Had a Million Dollars". In
1948, Rosemary was called to New York City to record "Come
On-a My House" and Betty returned home to Cincinnati. She
became a television pioneer on the city's first station, WLWT. Not
only was she a featured singer on the station's main program
(called The 50-50 Club and broadcast on TV as well as radio), she
also hosted her own shows called "Teen Canteen" and "Boy
Meets Girl". Betty signed as a solo singer to the local
legendary R & B label King Records, releasing several singles
including "Sisters" and "Kiki". In the early
1950s, she was featured on the 15-minute weekday radio program The
Three Suns With Betty Clooney on the Mutual Broadcasting System. A
nightclub career followed, including appearing at the Starlight
Roof at the Waldorf Astoria New York. A 1954 review of her
performance at the Black Orchid in Chicago, Illinois, commented,
"Betty Clooney, a much more vibrant and projecting
personality than her sister, Rosemary, opened here to an audience
that fell immediately to her contagious charm." In 1955, she
recorded a single, "Ko Ko Mo (I Love You So)" b/w "So
All Alone", with singer Bill Darnell, known for his work with
bandleader Bob Chester. In 1952, Clooney became the mistress of
ceremonies of a new program, Goin' Steady, on WXYZ-TV in Detroit.
The program was "said to be the most elaborate locally
sponsored variety show on the air." She was then a regular on
three CBS television programs in the 1950s: The Jack Paar Show,
Fridays weekly (1953-1954); Good Morning! with Will Rogers, Jr.,
Mondays - Fridays (1954-1955); and The Robert Q. Lewis Show,
Mondays - Fridays (1955-1956). She also appeared on countless
variety shows in the 1950s where she sang, danced and acted in
skits that showcased her beautiful voice and brilliant sense of
humor. She recorded for several more record labels including RCA's
X label, Decca's Coral label (where she had a minor hit with the
song "Sin And Satin") and Columbia's Children's Records.
She also filmed several Soundies of popular hits. Although Betty
recorded the hit song "Sisters" from the film White
Christmas (1954) with Rosemary for Columbia's single release, in
the movie Vera-Ellen's singing voice was dubbed by singer Trudy
Stevens. She married Cuban actor and singer Pupi Campo, her costar
on The Jack Paar Show, on September 7, 1955, at St Patrick's
Cathedral in New York City, New York. They had four children:
Cathi Ann, Carlos Alejandro Campo, Cristina Maria and Rosemary
Cari. Not being by temperment ambitious to seek fame, she retired
from showbiz to raise her family, appearing only sporadically on
television until her death. After Clooney's death, her family
established the Betty Clooney Foundation for Persons with Brain
Injury. It operates the Betty Clooney Center for Persons with
Traumatic Brain Injury near Los Angeles. Additional funds were
raised by staging annual concerts to benefit the foundation. Betty
Clooney died in Las Vegas, Nevada at age 45 of a brain aneurysm.
She was survived by her husband, Cuban American actor, bandleader
and musician Pupi Campo, and their four children.
https://store.earthstation1.com/jack-paar-tv-shows-old-time-television-dual-layer-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Classics Vol. 3 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1926: #BOTD: #HBD! Jane
Withers, American actress of stage, theater, radio and television,
and children's radio show host, famous as Josephine The Plumber in
a series of television commercials for Comet cleanser from 1963 to
1974 (d. August 7, 2021) is #born in Atlanta, Georgia. She became
one of the most popular child stars in Hollywood in the 1930s and
early 1940s, with her films ranking in the top ten list for
box-office gross in 1937 and 1938. She began her entertainment
career at the age of three and, during the Golden Age of Radio,
hosted her own children's radio program in her home city of
Atlanta, Georgia. In 1932, she and her mother moved to Hollywood,
where she appeared as an extra in many films until landing her
breakthrough role as the spoiled, obnoxious Joy Smythe opposite
Shirley Temple's angelic orphan Shirley Blake in the 1934 film
Bright Eyes. She made 38 films before retiring at age 21 in 1947.
She returned to film and television as a character actor in the
1950s. In the 1990s and early 2000s, she did voice work for Disney
animated films. She was interviewed in numerous documentary
retrospectives of the Golden Age of Hollywood. She was also known
for her philanthropy and her extensive doll collection.
https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-3-dv3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Chasing
A Rainbow: Life Josephine Baker DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1975: #DOTD: #RIP: Josephine
Baker, African American-born French entertainer, actress, singer,
dancer, French Resistance agent, civil rights activist and beauty
(b. June 3, 1906) #dies peacefully of a cerebral hemorrhage in her
bed in Paris, France, four days after her triumphal retrospective
revue at the Bobino in Paris, Josephine a Bobino 1975, celebrating
her 50 years in show business. Born Freda Josephine McDonald in
St. Louis, Missouri, she was a vedette, a French word that is used
to designate the main female artist of a show derived from the
Cabaret and its different genres (revue, vaudeville, music hall or
burlesque). Born Freda Josephine McDonald in St. Louis, Missouri
to former slaves of African and Native American descent, her
career was centered primarily in Europe, mostly in her adopted
France. During her early career she was renowned as a dancer, and
was among the most celebrated performers to headline the revues of
the Folies Bergere in Paris. Her performance in the revue Un Vent
de Folie in 1927 caused a sensation in Paris. Her costume,
consisting of only a girdle of bananas, became her most iconic
image and a symbol of the Jazz Age and the 1920s. Baker was
celebrated by artists and intellectuals of the era, who variously
dubbed her the "Black Pearl", the "Bronze Venus",
and the "Creole Goddess". Born in St. Louis, Missouri,
she renounced her U.S. citizenship and became a French national
after her marriage to French industrialist Jean Lion in 1937. She
raised her children in France. "I have two loves," the
artist once said, "my country and Paris.". Baker was the
first person of color to become a world-wide entertainer and to
star in a major motion picture, the 1934 Marc Allegret film
Zouzou. Baker refused to perform for segregated audiences in the
United States and is noted for her contributions to the Civil
Rights Movement. In 1968 she was offered unofficial leadership in
the movement in the United States by Coretta Scott King, following
Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. After thinking it over,
Baker declined the offer out of concern for the welfare of her
children. After working in the French Resistance during World War
II, she was awarded the Croix de guerre by the French military,
and was named a Chevalier of the Legion d'honneur by General
Charles de Gaulle.
https://store.earthstation1.com/chasing-a-rainbow-the-life-of-josephine-baker-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Johnstown Flood Documentary DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 12, 2026April 12, 1912: #DOTD: #RIP: Clara
Barton, pioneering American nurse, philanthropist, civil rights
activist, womens suffragist and humanitarian, founder of the
American Red Cross (b. December 25, 1821) #dies of pneumonia in
her home in Glen Echo, Maryland at the age of 90. She was born
Clarissa Harlowe Barton in North Oxford, Massachusetts, and was
named after the titular character of Samuel Richardson's novel
Clarissa. Clara Barton was a hospital nurse in the American Civil
War, a teacher, and patent clerk. Nursing education was not very
formalized at that time and she did not attend nursing school, so
she provided self-taught nursing care. Barton is noteworthy for
doing humanitarian work and civil rights advocacy at a time before
women had the right to vote. She was inducted into the National
Women's Hall of Fame in 1973. She was born on Christmas Day,
December 25, 1821, in North Oxford, Massachusetts and was named
after the titular character of Samuel Richardson's novel Clarissa.
Her father was Captain Stephen Barton, a member of the local
militia and a selectman who inspired his daughter with patriotism
and a broad humanitarian interest. He was a soldier under the
command of General Anthony Wayne in his crusade against the
Indians in the northwest. He was also the leader of progressive
thought in the Oxford village area. Barton's mother was Sarah
Stone Barton. When she was three years old, Barton was sent to
school with her brother Stephen, where she excelled in reading and
spelling. At school, she became close friends with Nancy Drew; she
is the only known friend Barton had as a child due to her extreme
timidity. When Barton was ten years old, she assigned herself the
task of nursing her brother David back to health after he fell
from the roof of a barn and received a severe head injury. She
learned how to distribute the prescribed medication to her
brother, as well as how to place leeches on his body to bleed him
(a standard treatment at this time). She continued to care for
David long after doctors had given up. He made a full recovery.
Her parents tried to help cure her timidity by enrolling her to
Colonel Stones High School, but their strategy turned out to be a
catastrophe. Barton became more timid and depressed and would not
eat. She was brought back home to regain her health. Upon her
return, her family relocated to help a family member: a paternal
cousin of Clara's had died and left his wife with four children
and a farm. The house that the Barton family was to live in needed
to be painted and repaired. Barton was persistent in offering
assistance, much to the gratitude of her family. After the work
was done, Barton was at a loss because she had nothing else to
help with, to not feel like a burden to her family. She began to
play with her male cousins and, to their surprise, she was good at
keeping up with such activities as horseback riding. It was not
until after she had injured herself that Barton's mother began to
question her playing with the boys. Barton's mother decided she
should focus on more feminine skills. She invited one of Clara's
female cousins over to help develop her femininity. From her
cousin, she gained proper social skills as well. To assist Barton
with overcoming her shyness, her parents persuaded her to become a
schoolteacher. She achieved her first teacher's certificate in
1839, at only 17 years old. This profession interested Barton
greatly and helped motivate her; she ended up conducting an
effective redistricting campaign that allowed the children of
workers to receive an education. Successful projects such as this
gave Barton the confidence needed when she demanded equal pay for
teaching. Barton became an educator in 1838 and served for 12
years in schools in Canada and West Georgia. Barton fared well as
a teacher; she knew how to handle rambunctious children,
particularly the boys, since as a child she enjoyed her male
cousins' and brothers' company. She learned how to act like them,
making it easier for her to relate to and control the boys in her
care. After her mother's death in 1851, the family home closed
down. Barton decided to further her education by pursuing writing
and languages at the Clinton Liberal Institute in New York. In
this college, she developed many friendships that broadened her
point of view on many issues concurring at the time. The principal
of the institute recognized her tremendous abilities and admired
her work. This friendship lasted for many years, eventually
turning into a romance. As a writer, her terminology was pristine
and easy to understand. Her writings and bodies of work could
instruct the local statesmen. While teaching in Hightstown, Barton
learned about the lack of public schools in Bordentown, the
neighboring city In 1852, she was contracted to open a free school
in Bordentown, which was the first ever free school in New Jersey.
She was successful, and after a year she had hired another woman
to help teach over 600 people. Both women were making 250 USD a
year. This accomplishment compelled the town to raise nearly 4K
USD for a new school building. Once completed, though, Barton was
replaced as principal by a man elected by the school board. They
saw the position as head of a large institution to be unfitting
for a woman. She was demoted to "female assistant" and
worked in a harsh environment until she had a nervous breakdown
along with other health ailments, and quit. In 1855, she moved to
Washington D.C. and began work as a clerk in the US Patent Office;
this was the first time a woman had received a substantial
clerkship in the federal government and at a salary equal to a
man's salary. For three years, she received much abuse and slander
from male clerks. Subsequently, under political opposition to
women working in government offices, her position was reduced to
that of copyist, and in 1856, under the administration of James
Buchanan, she was fired because of her "Black Republicanism".
After the election of Abraham Lincoln, having lived with relatives
and friends in Massachusetts for three years, she returned to the
patent office in the autumn of 1861, now as temporary copyist, in
the hope she could make way for more women in government
service.1866. On April 19, 1861, the Baltimore Riot resulted in
the first bloodshed of the American Civil War. Victims within the
Massachusetts regiment were transported to Washington D.C. after
the violence, which happened to be Barton's home at the time.
Wanting to serve her country, Barton went to the railroad station
when the victims arrived and nursed 40 men. Barton provided
crucial, personal assistance to the men in uniform, many of whom
were wounded, hungry and without any supplies other than what they
carried on their backs. She began helping them by personally
taking supplies to the unfinished Capitol Building where the young
men of the 6th Massachusetts Militia, who had been attacked in
Baltimore, Maryland, were housed. Barton quickly recognized them,
as she had grown up with some of them, and some she had even
taught. Barton, along with several other women, personally
provided clothing, food, and supplies for the sick and wounded
soldiers. She learned how to store and distribute medical supplies
and offered emotional support to the soldiers by keeping their
spirits high. She would read books to them, write letters to their
families for them, talk to them, and support them. It was on that
day that she identified herself with army work and began her
efforts towards collecting medical supplies for the Union
soldiers. Prior to distributing provisions directly onto the
battlefield and gaining further support, Barton used her own
living quarters as a storeroom and distributed supplies with the
help of a few friends in early 1862, despite opposition in the War
Department and among field surgeons. Ladies' Aid societies helped
in sending bandages, food, and clothing that would later be
distributed during the Civil War. In August 1862, Barton finally
gained permission from Quartermaster Daniel Rucker to work on the
front lines. She gained support from other people who believed in
her cause. These people became her patrons, her most supportive
being Senator Henry Wilson of Massachusetts. General William
Tecumseh Sherman deferentially said of Barton, "She ranks
me". After the First Battle Of Bull Run, Barton placed an ad
in a Massachusetts newspaper for supplies; the response was a
profound influx of supplies. She worked to distribute stores,
clean field hospitals, apply dressings, and serve food to wounded
soldiers in close proximity to several battles, including Cedar
Mountain, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. Barton
helped both Union and Confederate soldiers. Supplies were not
always readily available though. At the Battle Of Antietam, for
example, Barton used corn-husks in place of bandages. In 1863 she
began a romantic relationship with an officer, Colonel John J.
Elwell. In 1864, she was appointed by Union General Benjamin
Butler as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the
front of the Army of the James. Among her more harrowing
experiences was an incident in which a bullet tore through the
sleeve of her dress without striking her and killed a man to whom
she was tending. She was known as the "Florence Nightingale
of America". She was also known as the "Angel of the
Battlefield" after she came to the aid of the overwhelmed
surgeon on duty following the battle of Cedar Mountain in Northern
Virginia in August 1862. She arrived at a field hospital at
midnight with a large amount of supplies to help the severely
wounded soldiers. This naming came from her frequent timely
assistance as she served troops at the battles of Fairfax Station,
Chantilly, Harpers Ferry, South Mountain, Antietam,
Fredericksburg, Charleston, Petersburg and Cold Harbor. After the
end of the American Civil War, Barton discovered that thousands of
letters from distraught relatives to the War Department were going
unanswered because the soldiers they were questioning about were
buried in unmarked graves. Many of these soldiers were labeled
just as "missing". Motivated to do more about the
situation, Miss Barton contacted President Lincoln in hopes that
she would be allowed to respond officially to these unanswered
inquiries. She was given permission, and "The Search for the
Missing Men" commenced. After the war, she ran the Office of
Missing Soldiers, at 437 1/2 Seventh Street, Northwest,
Washington, D.C. in the Gallery Place neighborhood. The office's
purpose was to find or identify soldiers killed or missing in
action. Barton and her assistants wrote 41,855 replies to
inquiries and helped locate more than twenty-two thousand missing
men. Barton spent the summer of 1865 helping find, identify, and
properly bury 13,000 individuals who died in Andersonville prison
camp, a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp in Georgia. She continued
this task over the next four years, burying 20,000 more Union
soldiers and marking their graves. Congress eventually
appropriated 15K USD toward her project. Barton achieved
widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country
about her war experiences in 1865-1868. During this time she met
Susan B. Anthony and began an association with the woman's
suffrage movement. She also became acquainted with Frederick
Douglass and became an activist for civil rights. After her
countrywide tour she was both mentally and physically exhausted
and under doctor's orders to go somewhere that would take her far
from her current work. She closed the Missing Soldiers Office in
1868 and traveled to Europe. In 1869, during her trip to Geneva,
Switzerland, Barton was introduced to the Red Cross and Dr. Appia;
he later would invite her to be the representative for the
American branch of the Red Cross and help her find financial
benefactors for the start of the American Red Cross. She was also
introduced to Henry Dunant's book A Memory of Solferino, which
called for the formation of national societies to provide relief
voluntarily on a neutral basis. At the beginning of the
Franco-Prussian War, in 1870, she assisted the Grand Duchess of
Baden in the preparation of military hospitals, and gave the Red
Cross society much aid during the war. At the joint request of the
German authorities and the Strasbourg Comite de Secours, she
superintended the supplying of work to the poor of Strasbourg in
1871, after the Siege Of Paris, and in 1871 had charge of the
public distribution of supplies to the destitute people of Paris.
At the close of the war, she received honorable decorations of the
Golden Cross of Baden and the Prussian Iron Cross. When Barton
returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain
recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) by the United States government. In 1873, she began work on
this project. In 1878, she met with President Rutherford B. Hayes,
who expressed the opinion of most Americans at that time which was
the U.S. would never again face a calamity like the Civil War.
Barton finally succeeded during the administration of President
Chester Arthur, using the argument that the new American Red Cross
could respond to crises other than war such as natural disasters
like earthquakes, forest fires, and hurricanes. Barton became
President of the American branch of the society, which held its
first official meeting at her I Street apartment in Washington,
DC, May 21, 1881. The first local society was founded August 22,
1881 in Dansville, Livingston County, New York, where she
maintained a country home. The society's role changed with the
advent of the Spanish-American War during which it aided refugees
and prisoners of the civil war. Once the Spanish-American War was
over the grateful people of Santiago built a statue in honor of
Barton in the town square, which still stands there today.
Domestically in 1884 she helped in the floods on the Ohio river,
provided Texas with food and supplies during the famine of 1887
and took workers to Illinois in 1888 after a tornado and that same
year to Florida for the yellow fever epidemic. Within days after
the Johnstown Flood in 1889, she led her delegation of 50 doctors
and nurses in response. In 1897, responding to the humanitarian
crisis in the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the Hamidian
massacres, Barton sailed to Constantinople and after long
negotiations with Abdul Hamid II, opened the first American
International Red Cross headquarters in the heart of Turkey.
Barton herself traveled along with five other Red Cross
expeditions to the Armenian provinces in the spring of 1896,
providing relief and humanitarian aid. Barton also worked in
hospitals in Cuba in 1898 at the age of seventy-seven. Barton's
last field operation as President of the American Red Cross was
helping victims of the Galveston hurricane in 1900. The operation
established an orphanage for children. As criticism arose of her
mixing professional and personal resources, Barton was forced to
resign as president of the American Red Cross in 1904, at the age
of 83 because of her egocentric leadership style fitting poorly
into the formal structure of an organizational charity. She had
been forced out of office by a new generation of all-male
scientific experts who reflected the realistic efficiency of the
Progressive Era rather than her idealistic humanitarianism. In
memory of the courageous women of the civil war, the Red Cross
Headquarters was founded. During the dedication, not one person
said a word. This was done in order to honor the women and their
services. After resigning, Barton founded the National First Aid
Society. She continued to live in her Glen Echo, Maryland home
which also served as the Red Cross Headquarters upon her arrival
to the house in 1897. Barton published her autobiography in 1907,
titled The Story of My Childhood. On April 12, 1912 at the age of
90, she died in her home. The cause of death was pneumonia. In
1975, the Clara Barton National Historic Site, located at 5801
Oxford Road, Glen Echo, Maryland, was established as a unit of the
National Park Service at Barton's home, where she spent the last
15 years of her life. As the first National Historic Site
dedicated to the accomplishments of a woman, it preserves the
early history of the American Red Cross, since the home also
served as an early headquarters of the organization. The North
Oxford, Massachusetts, house in which she was born is now also a
museum. The National Park Service has restored eleven rooms,
including the Red Cross offices, the parlors, and Barton's
bedroom. Visitors to Clara Barton National Historic Site can gain
a sense of how Barton lived and worked. Guides lead tourists
through the three levels, emphasizing Barton's use of her unusual
home. In 2018 the site was indefinitely closed due to repairs. In
1869, Barton closed the Missing Soldiers Office and headed to
Europe. The third floor of her old boardinghouse was boarded up in
1913, and the site forgotten. The site was "lost" in
part because the city realigned its addressing system in the
1870s. The boardinghouse became 437 1/2 Seventh Street Northwest
(formerly 488-1/2 Seventh Street West). In 1997, General Services
Administration carpenter Richard Lyons was hired to check out the
building for its demolition. He found a treasure trove of Barton
items in the attic, including signs, clothing, Civil War soldier's
socks, an army tent, Civil War-era newspapers, and many documents
relating to the Office of Missing Soldiers. This discovery led to
the NPS saving the building from demolition. It took years,
however, for the site to be restored. The Clara Barton's Missing
Soldiers Office Museum, run by the National Museum of Civil War
Medicine, opened in 2015.
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